But not all things we measure are peaked around a typical value. Some vary over an enormous dynamic range, sometimes many orders of magnitude. A classic example of this type of behaviour is the sizes of towns and cities. The largest population of any city in the US is 8.00 million for New York City, as of the most recent (2000) census. The town with the smallest population is harder to pin down, since it depends on what you call a town. The author recalls in 1993 passing through the town of Milliken, Oregon, population 4, which consisted of one large house occupied by the town’s entire human population,a wooden shack occupied by an extraordinary number of cats and a very impressive flea market. According to the Guinness Book, however, America’s smallest town is Duffield, Virginia, with a population of 52.
Referencias
Newman, M. E. J. (2006). Power laws. Pareto distributions and Zipf's Law.
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